1. Facts and Background Client A, a member of a redevelopment cooperative, requested inspection and copying of "documents and related materials concerning the implementation of the improvement project" pursuant to Article 124, paragraph 4 of the Act on the Improvement of Urban Areas and Residential Environments (the "Urban Improvement Act"). Client A first submitted an information-disclosure request to the competent district office (the project implementer) and, following the office's guidance, submitted a further request to an improvement-project consulting company entrusted with the cooperative-establishment work (the "Entrusted Company"), from which Client A received materials including scanned files of written resolutions. Certain other cooperative members, contending that the personal information of other members contained in those materials had been provided to a third party without consent, filed a criminal complaint against Client A and other related persons for alleged violation of the Personal Information Protection Act ("PIPA"), and an investigation was commenced. Client A retained LKP to respond to that criminal matter. 2. Key Legal Issues The principal issues were: (i) whether the scanned files of written resolutions provided by the Entrusted Company fell within the scope of "documents and related materials concerning the implementation of the improvement project" under Article 124, paragraph 4 of the Urban Improvement Act and therefore qualified, under Article 15(1)2 and Article 17(1)2 of PIPA ("where there is a special provision in another statute or where the act is necessary to comply with a statutory duty"), for lawful disclosure to a third party without the consent of the data subjects (PIPA Article 71, item 1, constituent-element analysis); (ii) whether Client A's act of requesting information disclosure from the Entrusted Company amounted to acquiring personal information by deception or by other means socially unacceptable as fair (PIPA Article 70, item 2, constituent-element analysis); and (iii) how to organize, on an objective basis, the circumstances showing that the Entrusted Company had been duly entrusted by the project implementer (the competent district office) with authority to handle information-disclosure tasks. 3. Implementation and Outcome LKP (i) organized, on an item-by-item basis, the relationship between the information-disclosure duty under Article 124, paragraph 4 of the Urban Improvement Act and the "statutory duty" exception under Article 15(1)2 and Article 17(1)2 of PIPA, and the doctrinal basis on which the provision of those materials could be lawfully made without the consent of the data subjects; (ii) consolidated the relevant facts to demonstrate, on an objective basis, that the Entrusted Company had been duly entrusted with information-disclosure authority - including the fact that, before establishment of the cooperative, the competent district office had entrusted to the Entrusted Company all work required for cooperative establishment, the fact that the district office had directed the inquirers to consult the Entrusted Company in relation to information-disclosure requests, and the fact that Client A had first requested disclosure from the district office and had only then approached the Entrusted Company in accordance with that guidance; and (iii) submitted, with supporting authority, the doctrinal point that Client A had merely exercised the rights of inspection and copying that Article 124 of the Urban Improvement Act presupposes for cooperative members, such that the conduct could not be characterized as acquiring personal information by deception or by other socially unacceptable means. On 6 May 2026, the Seoul Mapo Police Station issued a no-forwarding (no suspicion) decision in favor of Client A, holding that the conduct concerning the provision of the scanned written-resolution files did not satisfy the constituent elements of PIPA Article 71, item 1 or Article 70, item 2 (Seoul Mapo Police Station Case No. 2026-000807). The case is of practical significance in delineating the relationship between the inspection-and-copying rights of cooperative members under the Urban Improvement Act and the third-party-provision and acquisition rules under PIPA, and in managing criminal risk in information-disclosure disputes in improvement-project matters.

1. Facts and Background While Client A (the plaintiff) was temporarily separated from the spouse, A came to learn that the spouse had been engaged in an extramarital relationship with a workplace colleague, B (the defendant). Although Client A reconciled with the spouse to restore the family, A subsequently identified circumstances showing that the relationship between the spouse and B continued thereafter; the marriage was ultimately not restored and ended in divorce. Client A retained LKP to bring a damages claim against B. 2. Key Legal Issues The main issues were: (i) how to construct, on a lawful basis, supplementary evidence (such as vehicle dashcam audio recordings) where the materials originally held by Client A were not sufficient to establish the conduct objectively; (ii) how to rebut B's likely defense that the marriage had already broken down at the relevant time, using objective facts such as the parties' actual reconciliation efforts and the withdrawal of an earlier application for divorce by mutual agreement; and (iii) how to combine the conduct during separation and the conduct continuing after reconciliation into a single coherent set of facts. 3. Implementation and Outcome LKP (i) reviewed the evidentiary weight of the materials Client A originally held and assessed both the lawful availability and the probative usefulness of supplementary materials such as vehicle dashcam audio recordings; (ii) organized objective facts indicating the continuation of the marital relationship — including the parties' reconciliation efforts and the withdrawal of the earlier application for divorce by mutual agreement — and designed a doctrinal response to the anticipated "already broken down" defense; and (iii) reconstructed the conduct occurring during separation and the conduct continuing after reconciliation into a single chronological narrative for use at the hearing. The court accepted parts of Client A's arguments, recognized that B had infringed Client A's marital relationship, and ordered B to pay consolation money. The case shows how, in matters involving separations, reconciliations, and other transitions in the marital relationship, strategies for proving extramarital conduct and rebutting a "already broken down" defense can be designed.

1. Facts and Background Client A (the plaintiff) became aware of an inappropriate relationship between A's spouse and a third party, B, and retained LKP to seek consolation money. In the proceedings, B argued that the contact had been "merely a one or two-time lapse" and not a continuing relationship. The principal task was therefore to show, by objective evidence, that what had occurred was not an isolated incident but a continuing and repeated relationship. 2. Key Legal Issues In assessing damages for this type of misconduct, the continuity and repetitiveness of the relationship are generally relevant. The main issues were: (i) how to organize, in chronological order, the frequency, duration, and timing of the meetings to show continuity; (ii) how to combine indicators of overnight stays and travel (vehicle routes, entry/exit times) with a contextual reading of lawfully obtained messenger materials (forms of address, emotional language, and shared schedules); and (iii) how to compile and organize precedents distinguishing continuing relationships from isolated lapses, so as to persuade the court that this matter was different from a typical "one-off" deviation. 3. Implementation and Outcome LKP (i) organized, in chronological order, the frequency, dates, and locations of the meetings on the basis of materials provided by Client A; (ii) analyzed indicators of overnight stays and travel through objectively verifiable materials such as vehicle routes and entry/exit times; and (iii) used the contextual elements of the messenger exchanges — forms of address, emotional expressions, shared schedules — to demonstrate an emotional and relational continuity inconsistent with a one-off encounter. Precedents distinguishing continuing relationships from isolated lapses were also compiled and submitted as comparative materials, and at the hearing LKP showed that the assembled materials converged into a single, coherent set of facts. The court declined to accept B's "one or two times" defense, recognized that the relationship had been continuing and repeated, and rendered a judgment in favor of Client A. The case is of practical significance in showing how chronological aggregation of circumstantial evidence and contextual analysis of messenger exchanges can support proof of the continuity of an extramarital relationship.

1. Facts and Background Client A (the plaintiff) had confirmed, through information from acquaintances and message records on the spouse's mobile phone, that an extramarital relationship between the spouse and a workplace colleague, B (the defendant), had continued for about one year. Considering child-rearing and her own employment, Client A did not wish to leave a litigation record; she wished to maintain the marriage and hold only B legally accountable. 2. Key Legal Issues The main issues were: (i) how to assess the evidentiary use and limitations of the messenger records and call logs obtained by Client A; (ii) how, given Client A's wish to avoid litigation, to design a strategy that placed cease-and-desist correspondence and settlement at the forefront; (iii) how, in the event B replied denying the relationship, to organize and convey, on an objective basis, the legal risks that would arise upon conversion to litigation, so as to elicit a willingness to settle; and (iv) how to draft, with care, a settlement agreement that included not only the financial settlement terms but also confidentiality, no-contact, and non-recurrence provisions. 3. Implementation and Outcome LKP (i) reviewed, as a first step, the evidentiary use and limitations of the messenger records and call logs obtained by Client A; (ii) given Client A's wish to avoid litigation, adopted a strategy that placed cease-and-desist correspondence at the forefront, and prepared and dispatched a cease-and-desist letter clearly setting out the facts of the conduct and the basis of legal responsibility; (iii) when B's response denied the relationship, organized and conveyed, on the basis of the available evidence, the specific legal risks that would arise on conversion to litigation, eliciting a willingness to settle; and (iv) drafted with care a settlement agreement that included confidentiality, no-contact, and non-recurrence provisions. A settlement was reached about three weeks after dispatch of the cease-and-desist letter; Client A obtained payment of the settlement sum and confidentiality and no-contact undertakings, bringing the matter to a conclusion without recourse to litigation. The case shows a settlement-oriented strategy designed around a client's wish for confidentiality and the preservation of her daily life.

1. Facts and Background Client A (the plaintiff) became aware of an inappropriate relationship between A's spouse and a third party, B, and tried to settle. B, however, denied responsibility, blamed Client A, and continued unsolicited contact, displaying an antagonistic attitude. Considering the welfare of the children and the need for daily stability, Client A wished, where possible, to resolve the matter without litigation. LKP was retained to develop a pre-litigation strategy that would change B's attitude through legal pressure and produce a settlement on reasonable terms. 2. Key Legal Issues As the matter aimed at out-of-court resolution, the principal issues were: (i) how to organize the facts and continuity of the relationship to neutralize defenses such as "merely a social acquaintance" or "a long-since terminated relationship"; (ii) how to convey to B, on an objective basis, the additional exposure (litigation costs, damages, reputational consequences) that would arise if the matter were litigated; and (iii) how to design protective settlement provisions — no-contact, non-disparagement, liquidated-damages, and confidentiality clauses — to deter recurrence. Drawing on family-practice know-how and relevant precedents, LKP prepared and dispatched a cease-and-desist letter that excluded emotional language and was firmly grounded in legal doctrine and precedent, securing a negotiating advantage at the pre-litigation stage. 3. Implementation and Outcome LKP (i) organized the facts of the relationship and its continuity from the materials Client A had provided, and reconstructed in chronological order the indicators bearing on B's awareness of the spouse's marital status; (ii) compiled, on an objective basis, the criteria typically applied to damages, the anticipated costs of litigation, and the foreseeable social exposure of a contested action, and incorporated those points into the cease-and-desist letter; and (iii) prepared guidance on settlement terms tailored to Client A's family, child-rearing, and workplace circumstances. The settlement agreement included no-contact, non-disparagement, confidentiality, and liquidated-damages provisions to deter recurrence. As a result, B changed position, engaged in negotiations on the basis of an acknowledgement of responsibility, and the matter was resolved early through a settlement that included payment, a written apology, and a cessation of contact, without recourse to litigation. The case illustrates a dispute-resolution strategy that prioritized the minimization of social exposure and the protection of the client's daily life and child-rearing environment.

1. Facts and Background Client A (the plaintiff) learned, from a third party, of an extramarital relationship between A's spouse and B (the defendant). Subsequently, B's spouse commenced a damages action against Client A's spouse. In response, Client A retained LKP to bring a damages action against B and indicated a wish to obtain damages at a level comparable to that recognized in the related case. 2. Key Legal Issues The main issues were: (i) how to incorporate the developing trends of the related case and the criteria applied to the calculation of damages into the present matter; (ii) how, in response to the court's recommendation that the case be transferred to the court of B's domicile, to organize the doctrinal basis for jurisdiction by appearance — including the principle that, where the defendant pleads to the merits without objecting to jurisdiction, jurisdiction by appearance may be recognized — so as to keep the matter before the same panel; and (iii) how to incorporate the principle of equity with the related case into the relief sought and the scope of the claim, and how to construct oral arguments so as to elicit a consistent judicial determination. 3. Implementation and Outcome LKP (i) analyzed the content, issues, and calculation methodology of the related case and designed the relief sought, the scope of the claim, and the damages-calculation strategy accordingly; (ii) adopted a strategy of filing the complaint with the same court and, in response to the court's recommendation of transfer of jurisdiction, organized the doctrinal grounds for jurisdiction by appearance and explained the practical advantages of having the matter heard by the same panel; and (iii) consistently presented the facts and the claim by reference to the principle of equity with the related case throughout the oral proceedings. The court recognized B's liability for the extramarital conduct and ordered B to pay Client A consolation money together with delayed-payment interest. The case shows how, where related cases are pending in parallel, jurisdictional strategy and the principle of equity can be combined into a coherent litigation strategy.

1. Facts and Background Client A (the plaintiff) confirmed an inappropriate relationship between A's spouse and an acquaintance, B (the defendant). B denied responsibility on the asserted basis that the relationship had "long since been terminated" and did not respond to Client A's settlement requests. Holding messenger screenshots indicating that the relationship had in fact continued until a relatively recent point in time, Client A wished to bring the matter to a conclusion by settlement at the pre-litigation stage and retained LKP. 2. Key Legal Issues The main issues were: (i) how to assess the evidentiary use and limitations of the messenger screenshots held by Client A and how to organize any supplementary materials; (ii) how, in anticipation of B's "already terminated" defense, to analyze with precision the dates and contexts of the messages to identify the period during which the relationship had continued; (iii) how to organize, on an objective basis, the matters that would be presented in any subsequent litigation — including the list of evidence to be submitted to the court and the anticipated amount of the claim — so that B would clearly perceive the practical benefits of settlement; and (iv) how to draft, with care, no-contact and non-recurrence provisions in the settlement agreement to deter recurrence. 3. Implementation and Outcome LKP (i) analyzed the dates and contexts of the messenger records submitted by Client A and organized the surrounding circumstances showing that the relationship had continued until a particular point in time; (ii) marshaled those materials to provide a direct rebuttal to B's "already terminated" defense and incorporated them into the cease-and-desist letter; (iii) stated, in the letter, both the substance of the available evidence and the list of evidence and anticipated amount of any claim that would be submitted to the court in litigation, so that B might perceive the practical benefits of settlement on an objective basis; and (iv) drafted with care a settlement agreement including no-contact and non-recurrence provisions. A settlement was reached about two weeks after the dispatch of the cease-and-desist letter, and Client A obtained payment of the settlement sum and a no-contact undertaking, bringing the matter to a conclusion without recourse to litigation. The case shows how, in the negotiation of a settlement, careful identification of the period of the relationship and the objective organization of litigation-related risks can affect the outcome.

1. Facts and Background During the marriage, Client A (the plaintiff) had suffered physical and mental harm from repeated violence by the spouse, B (the defendant), and decided to bring an action for divorce for the safety and healthy development of the children. Client A felt fear of any direct contact with B and concern about her economic independence after divorce — particularly the securing of child support. Given that the joint marital assets were limited and that little economic benefit could realistically be expected from the division of marital property, the securing of child support was the principal issue capable of determining the outcome. 2. Key Legal Issues The main issues were: (i) how to organize and demonstrate, in a systematic manner, that the marital breakdown was the result not of ordinary marital conflict but of repeated violence, and how to design the procedural approach so that Client A could safely participate in the mediation process; (ii) how to analyze precisely B's level of income, potential earning capacity, and the children's age-specific educational costs, so as to present a realistic and specific child-support calculation; and (iii) given the limited divisible assets, how to construct the mediation proposal in such a way as to focus B's attention on the child-support obligation and encourage cooperation. 3. Implementation and Outcome LKP (i) systematically organized the circumstances of the domestic-violence harm suffered by Client A to clarify the allocation of fault for the marital breakdown, and gave priority to managing the procedural conduct of the mediation so that Client A would not feel under psychological pressure; (ii) precisely analyzed B's level of income, potential earning capacity, and the children's age-specific educational costs, and presented a realistic and specific child-support calculation; and (iii) given the limited divisible assets, constructed and steered the mediation proposal to focus B on the child-support obligation, maximizing Client A's practical economic interests. The matter was concluded by mediation: Client A was safely separated from B in legal and physical terms and obtained a level of child support sufficient to raise the children with stability, establishing a foundation for a new daily life. The case shows the design of a child-support-centered negotiation strategy where the divisible assets are limited.

1. Facts and Background The clients were (i) Housing Redevelopment Improvement Project Cooperative, an entity established under the Act on the Improvement of Urban Areas and Residential Environments (the "Urban Improvement Act") and now in liquidation, and (ii) the representative liquidator of that cooperative. A member of the cooperative (the obligor) had publicly announced, in his capacity as the representative of proposing members representing not less than one-tenth of the membership, that he would convene an extraordinary general meeting on 9 May 2026 with the following agenda items: (1) the dismissal and suspension from duties of the representative liquidator and the other liquidators, (2) the appointment of a new four-person liquidator team and the designation of a new representative liquidator, (3) the approval of the continued service of the auditor, and (4) the entrustment of damages claims and other legal measures concerning alleged unlawful acts. Concluding that the convening procedures and the structure of the agenda items were materially defective, the clients retained LKP shortly before the scheduled meeting to apply for a provisional injunction prohibiting the holding of the extraordinary general meeting. 2. Key Legal Issues The main issues were: (i) whether Article 43, paragraph 4 of the Urban Improvement Act — which provides that a cooperative officer may be removed by a majority of those present at a general meeting convened upon the request of not less than one-tenth of the members — may be applied by analogy to the dismissal of liquidators after the cooperative has entered liquidation; (ii) whether agenda items other than the dismissal of liquidators and closely related suspensions from duties (i.e., the appointment of new liquidators, the approval of the continued service of the auditor, and the entrustment of damages claims and legal measures) require, for the convening of an extraordinary general meeting, compliance with the procedure under Article 44, paragraph 2 of the Urban Improvement Act, Article 41-2 of its Enforcement Decree, and Article 20 of the cooperative's articles of association (i.e., convening by the chairperson, in default of which by the auditor, in default of which by the representative of the proposing members with the approval of the Mayor of Uijeongbu City), together with the attachment of identity documents of the proposing members; and whether the obligor's request to convene satisfied those procedural and formal requirements; (iii) whether a written resolution form designed to record the dismissal of multiple liquidators on a single, bundled basis substantively infringes the voting rights of those members who would consent to the dismissal of some, but not all, of the named liquidators; (iv) whether the designation of the residential address of the representative of the proposing members (the obligor), rather than the address of the cooperative itself, as the place to which written resolutions should be returned, violated Article 22, paragraph 3 of the cooperative's articles of association; and (v) whether the change of the date of the extraordinary general meeting from the date originally specified in the proposal preserved the legal effect of the original proposal, and how to organize, as grounds for the necessity of preservation, the prospect of harm not adequately remediable by post-judgment monetary compensation. 3. Implementation and Outcome LKP (i) analyzed the relevant provisions of the Urban Improvement Act, its Enforcement Decree, and the articles of association, and — taking, as its working premise, the interpretation that Article 43, paragraph 4 may be applied by analogy to the dismissal of liquidators — identified as the principal issues the structure of the agenda items in the present matter and the defects in the written resolution form; (ii) organized, on an item-by-item basis, the manner in which the convening procedure under Article 44, paragraph 2 of the Urban Improvement Act and Article 20 of the articles of association had not been complied with for the agenda items other than the dismissal of liquidators (agenda items 2 to 4); (iii) emphasized that a written resolution form structured to record the dismissal of multiple liquidators on a single, bundled basis substantively infringed the voting rights of the cooperative members; and (iv) systematically presented, as grounds for the necessity of preservation, the prospect of further disputes arising from any change in the cooperative's representative and the consequent risk of harm not adequately remediable by post-judgment monetary compensation. On 8 May 2026, the Uijeongbu District Court (a) found that, in respect of agenda item 1, the defect in the written resolution form was sufficiently serious to warrant prohibiting the resolution itself, (b) found that the obligor lacked authority to convene the extraordinary general meeting in respect of agenda items 2 to 4, and (c) found that, in matters affecting numerous interested parties, public notice of the provisional injunction would constitute an effective and appropriate means of resolving and preventing further disputes; on those grounds, the court granted the application in full, ordering (1) that the obligor was prohibited from holding the extraordinary general meeting scheduled for 9 May 2026, (2) that the court bailiff was to give public notice of the order, and (3) that the costs of the proceedings were to be borne by the obligor. The case is of practical significance in the urban-improvement context: while presupposing the analogical application of Article 43, paragraph 4 of the Urban Improvement Act to the dismissal of liquidators following entry into liquidation, the decision provides clear guidance on the substantive infringement of voting rights through agenda construction and the design of written resolution forms.

Dismissal of an Injunction Seeking Suspension of Duties of Liquidators of a Housing Redevelopment AssociationBackground and FactsThe clients (respondents) served as liquidators of a housing redevelopment association established to implement a housing redevelopment project in the A District in Uijeongbu City.The association completed the redevelopment project and received completion approval on July 7, 2021, followed by the public notice of relocation on November 11, 2021. Subsequently, on June 17, 2022, an extraordinary general meeting was held, where resolutions were passed to dissolve the association and appoint several liquidators, including the clients.A member of the association (the applicant) later alleged that the liquidators had illegally managed and disposed of the association’s assets, including borrowing funds without a general meeting resolution and arbitrarily selling or providing rental housing as collateral.Based on these allegations, the applicant filed a petition for a provisional injunction, asserting the right to residual asset distribution as the protected right. The applicant sought to suspend the liquidators’ duties and broadly prohibit financial transactions, real estate disposals, and other acts affecting the association’s assets.Key Legal IssuesThe core legal issue in this case was whether a lawsuit seeking the removal of liquidators of a redevelopment association on the grounds of alleged misconduct is legally permissible, and consequently, whether an injunction to suspend their duties could be granted on that basis.In general, a constitutive action—a lawsuit intended to change or create a legal relationship—may only be brought where there is an explicit statutory provision permitting such action.Therefore, the key question was whether a legal basis exists under Korean law to file a lawsuit seeking the removal of liquidators of a redevelopment association.LK Partners’ Legal StrategyLK Partners carefully reviewed the case records and the relevant legal framework and focused on the absence of a statutory provision allowing a lawsuit for the removal of liquidators of a redevelopment association.Based on this, the firm structured its defense around the following legal arguments:• A claim seeking the removal of liquidators constitutes a constitutive action that changes legal relationships.• Constitutive actions are only permitted where explicit statutory authority exists.• No such statutory provision allows for a lawsuit seeking the removal of liquidators of a redevelopment association.• Accordingly, an injunction to suspend the liquidators’ duties based on such a claim cannot be granted.The firm further supported its arguments with relevant Supreme Court precedents (including Supreme Court Decision 97Ma2269, Oct. 27, 1997, and Supreme Court Decision 2000Da45020, Jan. 16, 2001), demonstrating that the applicant’s petition for injunctive relief lacked a legal basis.Court DecisionThe Civil Division 30 of the Uijeongbu District Court accepted the arguments presented by LK Partners and ruled that:• Since there is no legal basis for filing a lawsuit seeking the removal of the liquidators,• an injunction seeking suspension of their duties cannot be granted.As a result, the court dismissed the applicant’s petition in its entirety and ordered that all litigation costs be borne by the applicant.Significance of the CaseThis case clarified the legal limitations of injunctions filed by association members during the liquidation stage of redevelopment projects.The court confirmed that where no legal basis exists for filing a lawsuit seeking the removal of liquidators, an injunction premised on such a claim is likewise impermissible.The decision therefore helped ensure that the liquidation process of redevelopment associations can proceed without undue interruption from unsupported injunction petitions, providing practical guidance for similar disputes arising during the post-project liquidation stage.

Successful Damage Claim Against the State and Local Government for Soil Remediation Costs in a Redevelopment Area1. Fact Summary and Background• Client Situation: The client (AE District Housing Redevelopment Association) discovered severe soil contamination in land formerly owned by the State and Dongdaemun-gu while conducting apartment construction within the project area in Seoul. • Case Background: The Association had acquired the land through either paid purchase or gratuitous transfer from the State and Dongdaemun-gu. During construction, pollutants such as copper, lead, and zinc were found exceeding the threshold for soil contamination concerns, leading the Association to incur massive remediation expenses. • Key Review Matters: The core issues were whether the delivery of contaminated land by the sellers (State and local government) constituted a "default of obligation (incomplete performance)" and whether remediation liability could be sought for land that was transferred gratuitously. 2. Key Legal Issues• Liability for Damages Due to Incomplete Performance: Whether delivering land with buried pollutants without prior remediation constitutes a default under Article 390 of the Civil Act. • Standard for Calculating Remediation Costs: The process of objectively calculating the weight of pollutants and the resulting remediation costs specifically for the parcels sold by the defendants through expert appraisal. • Scope of Liability for Gratuitously Transferred Land: Legal interpretation on whether the State or local government can be held liable for warranty or damages regarding land transferred gratuitously (obsolete infrastructure) under the Urban Improvement Act. 3. Execution and Achievement• LKP’s Role and Arguments:o Assisted by a professional appraiser, LK Partners precisely analyzed the specific burial locations, volume, and weight of the contaminated soil to define the scope of the defendants' liability. o LKP pointed out that the defendants (Republic of Korea and Dongdaemun-gu) failed their remediation duties under the Soil Environment Conservation Act at the time of sale and logically proved that delivering the land in a contaminated state was a failure to fully perform contractual obligations. • Result for the Client: The court accepted LK Partners' arguments and rendered a partial victory for the plaintiff, ordering the Republic of Korea and Dongdaemun-gu to pay the Association for the remediation costs of the purchased land along with delayed interest. • Significance of the Case:o Established a practical legal precedent that redevelopment associations can be compensated for remediation costs based on "incomplete performance" when pollutants are found in land purchased from the State or local governments. o It is significant for reasonably distributing the economic burden of unexpected environmental cleanup costs—often incurred in large-scale projects—to the original parties responsible, such as the State. 

Successful Defense for a Regional Housing Association: Nullification of Mutual Termination and Refund Agreements1. Fact Summary and Background• Inception of the Case: The Plaintiff (a member of the association) joined a regional housing association in Mapo-gu, Seoul, selecting a specific unit size (39㎡) and paying approximately KRW 139.4 million in contributions. • Change in Circumstances: Following a change in the project plan that eliminated the selected unit size, the Plaintiff and the Defendant (the Association) entered into an agreement to mutually terminate the contract and refund the full amount of paid contributions. • Litigation: When the refund was delayed, the Plaintiff filed a lawsuit against the Association seeking the return of the funds based on the refund agreement. 2. Key Legal Issues• Validity of Refund Agreements without General Meeting Resolutions: A central issue was whether the agreement remained valid despite the lack of a general meeting resolution. Since association contributions are considered "collective property" (total ownership by all members), any act to refund them must follow strict procedural protocols. • Determining "Impossibility of Performance": The court debated whether the inability to provide the originally selected unit size due to project plan changes constituted a legal "impossibility of performance" of the Association's contractual obligations. 3. Execution and Achievement• LKP’s Role and Arguments:o Representing the Defendant (the Regional Housing Association), LKP strongly argued that the refund agreement in question was an act of disposal that reduced the Association's assets and was a contract imposing a burden on members outside the established budget. Therefore, it was void without a formal resolution from the general meeting. o Furthermore, LKP defended against the "impossibility of performance" claim by demonstrating that changes in unit sizes are reasonably foreseeable during the permit process for regional housing projects. LKP noted that the contract explicitly stated unit sizes could increase or decrease, meaning the supply of a "specific unit size" was not the absolute objective of the contract. • Result for the Client: The court accepted all of LK Partners' arguments, dismissing the Plaintiff's claims in their entirety and ordering the Plaintiff to bear all litigation costs—a total victory for the Defendant Association. • Significance of the Case:o The judgment reaffirmed the established Supreme Court principle that "refund guarantees" or "mutual termination agreements" made individually with members are ineffective if they lack proper legal procedures (general meeting resolutions). o This case is significant for protecting the stability of the project by preventing the risk of depleting project funds through indiscriminate and non-procedural refund promises. 

Recognition of Independent Distribution Rights for Owners of Houses Converted to Multi-Household Dwellings within New Town Districts1. Fact Summary and Background• Client Situation: The clients (Plaintiffs) are members of a redevelopment association in a Seoul New Town district who own individual units in buildings that were converted from multi-family (single owner) houses to multi-household (individual ownership) houses.• Case Background: The Association formulated a Management and Disposal Plan that granted only one distribution right (apartment voucher) to the entire group of clients, classifying the rest as subjects for cash compensation. The Association argued, based on Seoul Metropolitan Government ordinances, that the clients had not completed their partitioned registration (separate titles) by a specific deadline (end of 2003).• Key Review Matters: The core of the dispute was determining the "Base Date for Determining Rights" (cutoff date) for distribution rights in a New Town project and deciding whether statutory law or local ordinances should take precedence.2. Key Legal Issues• Legal Interpretation of the Base Date for Determining Rights: Unlike general redevelopment, New Town projects are governed by the "Special Act on the Promotion of Urban Refurbishment." LKP argued that the official designation date of the Promotion District (December 21, 2006) should serve as the base date for determining distribution rights.• Challenging the Illegality of Ordinance Application: LKP logically countered that the supplementary provisions of the Seoul Ordinance relied upon by the Association violated the legislative intent of the "Special Act on the Promotion of Urban Refurbishment" by retroactively depriving members of their legitimate distribution rights.• Meaning of "Conversion" in Building Ledgers: LKP emphasized that, legally, "conversion" should be judged based on the timing of the conversion in the building ledger, not the timing of partitioned registration.3. Execution and Achievement• LKP’s Role and Arguments:o Proven that the clients had completed the conversion to multi-household housing in 2002—well before the district designation—demonstrating that this was a legitimate exercise of rights rather than speculative "equity splitting."o Strongly argued that the resolution from a subsequent general meeting, held by the Association to cure procedural defects, was also void as it contained the same substantive defect (deprivation of distribution rights).• Result for the Client: The Seoul High Court accepted LK Partners' arguments, ruling that the portion of the Management and Disposal Plan that failed to recognize the clients' distribution rights was illegal. The court also confirmed that the general meeting resolution re-approving the plan was void.• Significance of the Case:o Successfully blocked an association from arbitrarily interpreting laws to infringe upon the property rights of minority members.o Provided a clear winning guideline for owners of converted multi-household houses within New Town projects, ensuring they do not unfairly lose their distribution rights due to complex and restrictive local ordinances.

Resolving Large-Scale Construction Cost Disputes: A Victory in Additional Construction Costs and Inflation-Adjusted Claims1. Fact Summary and Background• Client Situation: The Plaintiff (Counter-defendant) in this case, Company P (hereinafter "the Contractor"), served as the contractor for a housing redevelopment project in the Uijeongbu area. Despite successfully completing the construction, the Contractor was unable to recover payments due to disagreements with the Association regarding construction cost increases and unpaid balances.• Case Background: The Defendant (Counter-plaintiff), the Jangam District 4 Housing Redevelopment Association (hereinafter "the Association"), contested the claims, arguing that the additional costs lacked contractual grounds or were excessive. Furthermore, the Association filed a counterclaim against the Contractor, citing reasons such as construction delays.• Key Review Matters: The primary points of contention included the appropriateness of cost adjustments based on price fluctuations (ESC), the recognition of additional costs resulting from design changes, and the finalization of unpaid amounts during the post-completion settlement process.2. Key Legal Issues• Interpretation of Price Adjustment Clauses: Legal interpretation of how the contractual provisions regarding price fluctuations should be applied to actual claims for construction cost increases.• Requirements for Recognizing Additional Costs: Establishing the existence of "actual input costs" and "implied agreement" to allow the Contractor to claim costs for additional work that may not have followed formal prior approval procedures by the Association.• Validity of Set-off and Liquidated Damages Claims: Assessing whether the Association’s claims of negligence against the Contractor (e.g., liquidated damages for delay) were specific and legally sound enough to be set off against the outstanding construction payments.3. Execution and Achievement• LKP’s Role and Arguments:o Conducted a precise analysis of the actual construction records and the evolution of design drawings to prove that the additional work was essential for the project's progress and that the Association was aware of these changes.o Demonstrated through expert appraisal and objective indicators that the cost increases due to price fluctuations were calculated legitimately in accordance with the contractual formulas.o Logically refuted the Association’s counterclaim regarding construction delays by highlighting force majeure factors and the procedural legitimacy of the timeline, thereby minimizing the Contractor's liability.• Result for the Client: The court accepted a significant portion of the Contractor's claims and ordered the Association to pay the unpaid construction costs along with delayed interest. (Plaintiff victory)• Significance of the Case:o This case is meaningful as it presented specific settlement standards that consider not only the literal interpretation of the contract but also the actual input process at the construction site—a common point of friction in large-scale redevelopment projects.o It secured the Contractor’s right to legitimate payment while providing a legal foundation for the Association to finalize the project by clarifying ambiguous debt relationships.

Cancellation of Project Plan Due to Infringement of Environmental Rights and Abuse of Discretion Regarding a Retained Building1. Fact Summary and Background• Client Situation: The client (Plaintiff) is the owner of "D" Cathedral, a religious facility located within the "B" Redevelopment District in Seoul, and is a member of the association.• Case Background: Initially, the cathedral was planned to be demolished and relocated. However, following the client's persistent requests, the redevelopment plan was changed to "retain" the cathedral at its current location.• Cause of Dispute: While the Defendant Association revised the project plan to keep the cathedral, they placed five apartment buildings (up to 19 stories high) in the immediate vicinity (approx. 10 meters away).• Major Damages: If executed, the cathedral would be completely surrounded by high-rise buildings, resulting in a near-total loss of sunlight (continuous sunlight duration reduced to 0 minutes) and severe privacy violations, with apartment windows overlooking the interior of the cathedral and the convent.2. Key Legal Issues• Abuse of Discretionary Power: Whether the Association, as an administrative body, properly weighed the public interest against the private interest (the client's environmental rights and freedom of religious activity) when establishing the plan.• Limits of Building Act Exceptions: Whether the "Special Construction Zone" designation, which waives certain sunlight height restrictions, can justify infringements that exceed the "socially acceptable limit" (limit of endurance).• Omission of Proportionality (Balancing of Interests): Whether the Association prioritized the convenience of other members while entirely neglecting the living interests and environmental rights of the cathedral's users.3. Execution and Achievement• LKP’s Role and Arguments:o Emphasized the cathedral's historical significance (established in 1957) and the stable environment enjoyed by resident priests, nuns, and approximately 3,700 parishioners.o Proved through expert appraisal that the sunlight infringement rate would reach 80–100% after the apartment construction, clearly exceeding the limit of endurance.o Pointed out procedural illegality, as the newly planned road would encroach upon essential cathedral facilities (mechanical rooms, emergency exit stairs) without prior consultation or consideration of alternatives.• Result for the Client: The Seoul High Court canceled the Defendant Association's Revised Project Plan.• Significance of the Case:o Clarified that for retained buildings in redevelopment zones, associations must go beyond a formal "retention" decision and ensure minimum environmental rights so the building can function for its original purpose.o Confirmed that individual environmental rights and living interests cannot be unconditionally sacrificed for vague reasons like "increased project costs" or "public interest of housing improvement"

Court Recognizes Independent Member Status and Allotment Rights for Buyer Despite Seller's Temporary Multi-Property Ownership1. Fact Summary and BackgroundThe clients (Plaintiffs) purchased real estate located within the "C" Urban Environment Maintenance Project District in Seoul and completed the registration of ownership transfer. However, a conflict arose because the seller (D) had purchased another property within the same district immediately after selling the first property to the clients.As a result, the seller (D) became a "multi-property owner" for a brief period of two days before the clients finalized their ownership registration. Based on the Act on the Improvement of Urban Areas and Residential Environments, the Defendant (the Reconstruction Association) applied the restriction that multiple owners shall be treated as a single member. Consequently, the Association established a Management Disposal Plan that granted only one joint allotment right to the clients and the seller collectively. The clients faced the risk of losing their individual right to an apartment unit due to circumstances beyond their control and sought legal assistance from LK Partners.2. Key Legal IssuesThe core issue of this case was the interpretation of Article 39, Paragraph 1, Item 3 of the Urban Improvement Act, which restricts membership status when multiple persons come to own properties previously owned by a single person after the authorization of the association's establishment.•The Association’s Argument: Following the literal text of the law, since the seller owned multiple properties after the association was established, the buyers must be treated as a single member together with the seller.•LK Partners’ Argument: The legislative intent of this provision is to prevent an artificial increase in the number of members that could undermine project feasibility. We argued that since the total number of eligible members had not increased compared to the time of the association’s establishment, it was unjust to infringe upon the clients' property rights based on the "accidental circumstance" of the seller's temporary additional purchase.3. Execution and AchievementThe court fully accepted LK Partners' legal reasoning and ruled in favor of the clients.•Court's Ruling: If the number of persons entitled to allotment has not changed from the time of the association’s establishment, the restriction on membership status under the Urban Improvement Act should not be applied.•Final Result: The court canceled the part of the Management Disposal Plan that designated the clients and the seller as joint beneficiaries for a single unit. This successfully restored the clients' status as sole beneficiaries entitled to independent allotment rights.•Significance of the Case: This case is a meaningful precedent that prevents bona fide buyers from being unfairly deprived of their rights through a rigid interpretation of membership restriction laws. It clarifies that the "number of members at the time of establishment" should be the substantial standard for determining allotment rights.

Preliminary Injunction Granted for Infringement of a Commercial Tenant’s Right of PossessionIn a case handled by LK Partners, the court granted a preliminary injunction ordering removal and prohibiting interference, recognizing that the landlord’s construction works infringed upon the commercial tenant’s right of possession and business operations. Case Overview The case involved a commercial tenant in a retail building located in Gangnam-gu, Seoul, who sought a preliminary injunction for removal and prohibition of interference after the landlord carried out construction without the tenant’s consent. The landlord installed scaffolding around the entire exterior of the building and placed construction materials at entrances, substantially obstructing access to the shop and interfering with the tenant’s business operations. Key Issues Whether the tenant’s right of possession and business operations were unlawfully interfered with Whether the landlord’s construction constituted routine maintenance or an unlawful act intended to pressure the tenant to vacate Whether the requirements for granting a preliminary injunction—namely, the existence of a right to be preserved and the necessity of preservation—were satisfied Court’s Decision The Seoul Central District Court granted the tenant’s application, issuing a preliminary injunction ordering removal of the obstructions and prohibiting further interference. When the landlord subsequently filed an objection, the court upheld its original decision, reaffirming the tenant’s rights and the necessity of preservation. The court held that even if the landlord later obtained approval for major repairs, the construction did not qualify as a permissible preservation act and could not justify infringement of the tenant’s possession. LK Partners’ Expertise To promptly and effectively protect the tenant’s rights, LK Partners provided comprehensive legal support, including: Fact-finding and evidence collection: Organizing proof of scaffolding installation, material placement, and interference with business operations Legal analysis and strategy: Demonstrating that the conduct went beyond mere maintenance and amounted to unlawful pressure to force eviction, thereby establishing the right to be preserved and the need for urgent relief Injunction application and advocacy: Seeking specific and effective remedies, including immediate removal, prohibition of possession interference, and restrictions on construction during business hours Response to objections: Defending the injunction against the landlord’s challenges and securing affirmation of the original ruling Through these efforts, LK Partners achieved tangible protection of the tenant’s possession and business operations. Significance of the Case This decision affirms that where a landlord pressures a tenant through scaffolding installation and prolonged business disruption, courts will prioritize protection of the tenant’s right of possession. It is particularly significant in that the court curtailed attempts to justify de facto eviction pressure under the guise of routine maintenance. For legal assistance with commercial lease disputes or infringements of possession, please contact LK Partners. We provide tailored solutions to safeguard tenants’ rights.

Primary Project Financing (PF) Advisory for the Ansan Seonggok-dong CAM Square Data CenterThe Ansan Seonggok-dong KAAM Square Data Center development project (80MW power capacity), for which LK Partners served as legal advisor, successfully secured its main Project Financing (PF) loan in December 2024. The total committed amount under the main PF reached KRW 834 billion. When combined with the KRW 250 billion in equity capital already paid in October 2024, the project secured a total of KRW 1.084 trillion in initial project funding. This achievement is regarded as particularly notable in the domestic data center development market, given both the scale and structural complexity of the project. Main PF Structure and SizeThe PF loan commitment totals KRW 834 billion, structured as follows: Tranche A (Senior): KRW 710 billion Tranche B (Mezzanine): KRW 70 billion Tranche C (Junior): KRW 54 billion Samsung Securities acted as the lead arranger, overseeing the overall financing. In particular, credit enhancement was provided through the issuance of approximately KRW 680 billion in ABSTB (Asset-Backed Short-Term Bonds), including loan receivable purchases, private bond underwriting, and liquidity support obligations. For the execution of this PF, a special purpose company (SPC), KAAM Square First SPC, was established. From December 2024 through June 2028, the SPC plans to issue ABSTB in a total of 21 tranches. Project Overview Location: 670-4, Seonggok-dong, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea Gross Floor Area: 76,459㎡ (approximately 23,128 pyeong) Building Structure: 5 basement levels to 7 above-ground floors Main Contractor: Hyundai Engineering & Construction With the successful completion of the main PF, the project is expected to proceed to groundbreaking, supported by a stable financial foundation for full-scale development. LK Partners’ Role LK Partners provided comprehensive and meticulous legal advisory services throughout the entire lifecycle of the project, from its initial stages through financial close, including: Establishment of the PF vehicle (PFV) and structuring of real estate transactions within the industrial complex Securing power supply capacity and negotiating usage agreements with end-users Advisory on bridge loans and land ownership acquisition Support for advanced structuring agency agreements, building permits, construction, design, and supervision contracts Legal advisory on the main PF loan agreements and trust arrangements In particular, LK Partners’ expertise played a critical role in structuring the project to address the complex stakeholder relationships and regulatory requirements unique to data center developments.

Damages Lawsuit Concerning Involuntary Hospitalization for Mental IllnessIn a damages lawsuit related to involuntary hospitalization for mental illness handled by LK Partners, the court dismissed the plaintiff’s claims, accepting the hospital’s position that the requirements for protective admission were satisfied and that no negligence occurred. Case Overview A patient suffering from a mental illness was placed under involuntary (protective) hospitalization, after which a damages lawsuit was filed. The plaintiff alleged that the hospital misjudged the patient’s condition and unnecessarily imposed compulsory admission, seeking compensation for emotional distress and related losses. Plaintiff’s Arguments The patient’s symptoms were not severe enough to warrant involuntary hospitalization. The hospital failed to comply with the procedures prescribed under the Mental Health Welfare Act and wrongfully decided on admission. As a result, the patient suffered mental and financial harm, for which the hospital should be held liable. Hospital’s Arguments The patient posed a risk of self-harm or harm to others, thereby satisfying the statutory requirements for protective admission. Based on the physician’s judgment at the time and the medical records, there were no procedural deficiencies. The admission was an unavoidable measure to protect the patient’s health and safety, and no negligence existed. Court’s Decision The court accepted the hospital’s arguments and held that: The patient’s condition met the requirements for protective admission (risk of self-harm or harm to others). The hospitalization was carried out based on the medical professionals’ expertise and judgment and could not be deemed unlawful or negligent. Accordingly, the plaintiff’s claims were dismissed. Significance of the Ruling This case clarifies the standards applied to protective hospitalization of patients with mental illness and delineates the scope of hospital liability. Protective admission may be necessary to ensure the safety of the patient and others. Where medical professionals make a reasonable judgment based on the circumstances at the time and contemporaneous medical records, it is difficult to impose damages liability after the fact. Nonetheless, medical institutions should maintain thorough and accurate medical records throughout the process to prepare for potential disputes. LK Partners’ Commentary Cases involving mental illness are particularly sensitive and complex, as they implicate both patient safety and human rights. The key issues are: whether the requirements for involuntary hospitalization are satisfied, whether procedural legitimacy is secured, and whether medical records are sufficiently complete and accurate. Careful review of these factors is essential. Medical Malpractice and Medical Dispute Consultation If you are experiencing difficulties related to a medical malpractice damages claim or a medical dispute, we recommend consulting with the medical litigation specialists at LK Partners. With extensive experience and professional expertise, we provide tailored, case-specific legal solutions.  

Medical Malpractice Damages Lawsuit | Diagnostic Error Found, but No Liability Recognized for the Patient’s DeathIn a medical malpractice damages lawsuit handled by LK Partners, the court acknowledged a diagnostic error by the defendant hospital but did not recognize a causal relationship between that error and the patient’s death. As a result, the plaintiff’s claim was dismissed. This case highlights the critical importance of proving not only negligence but also causation in medical disputes. Case Overview The deceased patient visited a hospital complaining of headaches and vomiting and underwent a CT scan. However, no signs of a ruptured cerebral aneurysm were identified at that time. The patient was later transferred to another hospital and underwent brain surgery, but never regained consciousness and subsequently passed away. Plaintiff’s (Patient’s Family’s) Arguments • The defendant hospital’s medical staff clearly committed a diagnostic error by failing to detect signs of a ruptured cerebral aneurysm on the CT images. • Had the risk of rebleeding been properly assessed and timely measures taken, the patient would not have died. • Therefore, the plaintiff argued that there was a causal relationship between the hospital’s negligence and the patient’s death, and that damages should be awarded. Defendant’s (Hospital’s) Arguments • Based on the initial CT images alone, it was difficult to clearly identify subarachnoid hemorrhage. • Even when the patient revisited the hospital after being discharged, there were no obvious signs of cerebral hemorrhage. • The patient’s death was caused by a subsequent rebleeding event, which had no direct causal connection to the alleged diagnostic error at the initial visit. Court’s Ruling The court held as follows: • A diagnostic error by the defendant hospital is acknowledged. • However, the patient’s death resulted from a subsequent rebleeding, and it is difficult to recognize a direct causal relationship between the initial diagnostic error and the death. • Accordingly, a diagnostic error alone is insufficient to impose liability for the patient’s death. As a result, the plaintiff’s claims were dismissed. Significance of the Decision This case clearly demonstrates that negligence and causation must be proven separately. Even where medical negligence is established, liability for damages is limited unless that negligence can be directly linked to the patient’s harm, such as death or residual disability. The ruling underscores that, in medical malpractice litigation, establishing causation is often the most critical factor for a plaintiff to prevail. LK Partners’ Commentary Medical malpractice damages claims are not determined solely by the existence of negligence. A proper legal assessment requires a thorough review of whether there was negligence in the medical act, whether that negligence is directly connected to the patient’s death or injury, and whether such causation can be legally proven. Careful analysis of these complex issues is essential for an effective legal response. Medical Malpractice and Medical Dispute Consultation If you are experiencing difficulties related to a medical malpractice damages claim or a medical dispute, we recommend consulting with the medical litigation specialists at LK Partners. Drawing on extensive experience and professional expertise, we provide tailored legal solutions optimized for each individual case.