1. Facts and Background The clients were (i) Housing Redevelopment Improvement Project Cooperative, an entity established under the Act on the Improvement of Urban Areas and Residential Environments (the "Urban Improvement Act") and now in liquidation, and (ii) the representative liquidator of that cooperative. A member of the cooperative (the obligor) had publicly announced, in his capacity as the representative of proposing members representing not less than one-tenth of the membership, that he would convene an extraordinary general meeting on 9 May 2026 with the following agenda items: (1) the dismissal and suspension from duties of the representative liquidator and the other liquidators, (2) the appointment of a new four-person liquidator team and the designation of a new representative liquidator, (3) the approval of the continued service of the auditor, and (4) the entrustment of damages claims and other legal measures concerning alleged unlawful acts. Concluding that the convening procedures and the structure of the agenda items were materially defective, the clients retained LKP shortly before the scheduled meeting to apply for a provisional injunction prohibiting the holding of the extraordinary general meeting. 2. Key Legal Issues The main issues were: (i) whether Article 43, paragraph 4 of the Urban Improvement Act — which provides that a cooperative officer may be removed by a majority of those present at a general meeting convened upon the request of not less than one-tenth of the members — may be applied by analogy to the dismissal of liquidators after the cooperative has entered liquidation; (ii) whether agenda items other than the dismissal of liquidators and closely related suspensions from duties (i.e., the appointment of new liquidators, the approval of the continued service of the auditor, and the entrustment of damages claims and legal measures) require, for the convening of an extraordinary general meeting, compliance with the procedure under Article 44, paragraph 2 of the Urban Improvement Act, Article 41-2 of its Enforcement Decree, and Article 20 of the cooperative's articles of association (i.e., convening by the chairperson, in default of which by the auditor, in default of which by the representative of the proposing members with the approval of the Mayor of Uijeongbu City), together with the attachment of identity documents of the proposing members; and whether the obligor's request to convene satisfied those procedural and formal requirements; (iii) whether a written resolution form designed to record the dismissal of multiple liquidators on a single, bundled basis substantively infringes the voting rights of those members who would consent to the dismissal of some, but not all, of the named liquidators; (iv) whether the designation of the residential address of the representative of the proposing members (the obligor), rather than the address of the cooperative itself, as the place to which written resolutions should be returned, violated Article 22, paragraph 3 of the cooperative's articles of association; and (v) whether the change of the date of the extraordinary general meeting from the date originally specified in the proposal preserved the legal effect of the original proposal, and how to organize, as grounds for the necessity of preservation, the prospect of harm not adequately remediable by post-judgment monetary compensation. 3. Implementation and Outcome LKP (i) analyzed the relevant provisions of the Urban Improvement Act, its Enforcement Decree, and the articles of association, and — taking, as its working premise, the interpretation that Article 43, paragraph 4 may be applied by analogy to the dismissal of liquidators — identified as the principal issues the structure of the agenda items in the present matter and the defects in the written resolution form; (ii) organized, on an item-by-item basis, the manner in which the convening procedure under Article 44, paragraph 2 of the Urban Improvement Act and Article 20 of the articles of association had not been complied with for the agenda items other than the dismissal of liquidators (agenda items 2 to 4); (iii) emphasized that a written resolution form structured to record the dismissal of multiple liquidators on a single, bundled basis substantively infringed the voting rights of the cooperative members; and (iv) systematically presented, as grounds for the necessity of preservation, the prospect of further disputes arising from any change in the cooperative's representative and the consequent risk of harm not adequately remediable by post-judgment monetary compensation. On 8 May 2026, the Uijeongbu District Court (a) found that, in respect of agenda item 1, the defect in the written resolution form was sufficiently serious to warrant prohibiting the resolution itself, (b) found that the obligor lacked authority to convene the extraordinary general meeting in respect of agenda items 2 to 4, and (c) found that, in matters affecting numerous interested parties, public notice of the provisional injunction would constitute an effective and appropriate means of resolving and preventing further disputes; on those grounds, the court granted the application in full, ordering (1) that the obligor was prohibited from holding the extraordinary general meeting scheduled for 9 May 2026, (2) that the court bailiff was to give public notice of the order, and (3) that the costs of the proceedings were to be borne by the obligor. The case is of practical significance in the urban-improvement context: while presupposing the analogical application of Article 43, paragraph 4 of the Urban Improvement Act to the dismissal of liquidators following entry into liquidation, the decision provides clear guidance on the substantive infringement of voting rights through agenda construction and the design of written resolution forms.

Successful Damage Claim Against the State and Local Government for Soil Remediation Costs in a Redevelopment Area1. Fact Summary and Background• Client Situation: The client (AE District Housing Redevelopment Association) discovered severe soil contamination in land formerly owned by the State and Dongdaemun-gu while conducting apartment construction within the project area in Seoul. • Case Background: The Association had acquired the land through either paid purchase or gratuitous transfer from the State and Dongdaemun-gu. During construction, pollutants such as copper, lead, and zinc were found exceeding the threshold for soil contamination concerns, leading the Association to incur massive remediation expenses. • Key Review Matters: The core issues were whether the delivery of contaminated land by the sellers (State and local government) constituted a "default of obligation (incomplete performance)" and whether remediation liability could be sought for land that was transferred gratuitously. 2. Key Legal Issues• Liability for Damages Due to Incomplete Performance: Whether delivering land with buried pollutants without prior remediation constitutes a default under Article 390 of the Civil Act. • Standard for Calculating Remediation Costs: The process of objectively calculating the weight of pollutants and the resulting remediation costs specifically for the parcels sold by the defendants through expert appraisal. • Scope of Liability for Gratuitously Transferred Land: Legal interpretation on whether the State or local government can be held liable for warranty or damages regarding land transferred gratuitously (obsolete infrastructure) under the Urban Improvement Act. 3. Execution and Achievement• LKP’s Role and Arguments:o Assisted by a professional appraiser, LK Partners precisely analyzed the specific burial locations, volume, and weight of the contaminated soil to define the scope of the defendants' liability. o LKP pointed out that the defendants (Republic of Korea and Dongdaemun-gu) failed their remediation duties under the Soil Environment Conservation Act at the time of sale and logically proved that delivering the land in a contaminated state was a failure to fully perform contractual obligations. • Result for the Client: The court accepted LK Partners' arguments and rendered a partial victory for the plaintiff, ordering the Republic of Korea and Dongdaemun-gu to pay the Association for the remediation costs of the purchased land along with delayed interest. • Significance of the Case:o Established a practical legal precedent that redevelopment associations can be compensated for remediation costs based on "incomplete performance" when pollutants are found in land purchased from the State or local governments. o It is significant for reasonably distributing the economic burden of unexpected environmental cleanup costs—often incurred in large-scale projects—to the original parties responsible, such as the State. 

Successful Defense for a Regional Housing Association: Nullification of Mutual Termination and Refund Agreements1. Fact Summary and Background• Inception of the Case: The Plaintiff (a member of the association) joined a regional housing association in Mapo-gu, Seoul, selecting a specific unit size (39㎡) and paying approximately KRW 139.4 million in contributions. • Change in Circumstances: Following a change in the project plan that eliminated the selected unit size, the Plaintiff and the Defendant (the Association) entered into an agreement to mutually terminate the contract and refund the full amount of paid contributions. • Litigation: When the refund was delayed, the Plaintiff filed a lawsuit against the Association seeking the return of the funds based on the refund agreement. 2. Key Legal Issues• Validity of Refund Agreements without General Meeting Resolutions: A central issue was whether the agreement remained valid despite the lack of a general meeting resolution. Since association contributions are considered "collective property" (total ownership by all members), any act to refund them must follow strict procedural protocols. • Determining "Impossibility of Performance": The court debated whether the inability to provide the originally selected unit size due to project plan changes constituted a legal "impossibility of performance" of the Association's contractual obligations. 3. Execution and Achievement• LKP’s Role and Arguments:o Representing the Defendant (the Regional Housing Association), LKP strongly argued that the refund agreement in question was an act of disposal that reduced the Association's assets and was a contract imposing a burden on members outside the established budget. Therefore, it was void without a formal resolution from the general meeting. o Furthermore, LKP defended against the "impossibility of performance" claim by demonstrating that changes in unit sizes are reasonably foreseeable during the permit process for regional housing projects. LKP noted that the contract explicitly stated unit sizes could increase or decrease, meaning the supply of a "specific unit size" was not the absolute objective of the contract. • Result for the Client: The court accepted all of LK Partners' arguments, dismissing the Plaintiff's claims in their entirety and ordering the Plaintiff to bear all litigation costs—a total victory for the Defendant Association. • Significance of the Case:o The judgment reaffirmed the established Supreme Court principle that "refund guarantees" or "mutual termination agreements" made individually with members are ineffective if they lack proper legal procedures (general meeting resolutions). o This case is significant for protecting the stability of the project by preventing the risk of depleting project funds through indiscriminate and non-procedural refund promises. 

Recognition of Independent Distribution Rights for Owners of Houses Converted to Multi-Household Dwellings within New Town Districts1. Fact Summary and Background• Client Situation: The clients (Plaintiffs) are members of a redevelopment association in a Seoul New Town district who own individual units in buildings that were converted from multi-family (single owner) houses to multi-household (individual ownership) houses.• Case Background: The Association formulated a Management and Disposal Plan that granted only one distribution right (apartment voucher) to the entire group of clients, classifying the rest as subjects for cash compensation. The Association argued, based on Seoul Metropolitan Government ordinances, that the clients had not completed their partitioned registration (separate titles) by a specific deadline (end of 2003).• Key Review Matters: The core of the dispute was determining the "Base Date for Determining Rights" (cutoff date) for distribution rights in a New Town project and deciding whether statutory law or local ordinances should take precedence.2. Key Legal Issues• Legal Interpretation of the Base Date for Determining Rights: Unlike general redevelopment, New Town projects are governed by the "Special Act on the Promotion of Urban Refurbishment." LKP argued that the official designation date of the Promotion District (December 21, 2006) should serve as the base date for determining distribution rights.• Challenging the Illegality of Ordinance Application: LKP logically countered that the supplementary provisions of the Seoul Ordinance relied upon by the Association violated the legislative intent of the "Special Act on the Promotion of Urban Refurbishment" by retroactively depriving members of their legitimate distribution rights.• Meaning of "Conversion" in Building Ledgers: LKP emphasized that, legally, "conversion" should be judged based on the timing of the conversion in the building ledger, not the timing of partitioned registration.3. Execution and Achievement• LKP’s Role and Arguments:o Proven that the clients had completed the conversion to multi-household housing in 2002—well before the district designation—demonstrating that this was a legitimate exercise of rights rather than speculative "equity splitting."o Strongly argued that the resolution from a subsequent general meeting, held by the Association to cure procedural defects, was also void as it contained the same substantive defect (deprivation of distribution rights).• Result for the Client: The Seoul High Court accepted LK Partners' arguments, ruling that the portion of the Management and Disposal Plan that failed to recognize the clients' distribution rights was illegal. The court also confirmed that the general meeting resolution re-approving the plan was void.• Significance of the Case:o Successfully blocked an association from arbitrarily interpreting laws to infringe upon the property rights of minority members.o Provided a clear winning guideline for owners of converted multi-household houses within New Town projects, ensuring they do not unfairly lose their distribution rights due to complex and restrictive local ordinances.

Resolving Large-Scale Construction Cost Disputes: A Victory in Additional Construction Costs and Inflation-Adjusted Claims1. Fact Summary and Background• Client Situation: The Plaintiff (Counter-defendant) in this case, Company P (hereinafter "the Contractor"), served as the contractor for a housing redevelopment project in the Uijeongbu area. Despite successfully completing the construction, the Contractor was unable to recover payments due to disagreements with the Association regarding construction cost increases and unpaid balances.• Case Background: The Defendant (Counter-plaintiff), the Jangam District 4 Housing Redevelopment Association (hereinafter "the Association"), contested the claims, arguing that the additional costs lacked contractual grounds or were excessive. Furthermore, the Association filed a counterclaim against the Contractor, citing reasons such as construction delays.• Key Review Matters: The primary points of contention included the appropriateness of cost adjustments based on price fluctuations (ESC), the recognition of additional costs resulting from design changes, and the finalization of unpaid amounts during the post-completion settlement process.2. Key Legal Issues• Interpretation of Price Adjustment Clauses: Legal interpretation of how the contractual provisions regarding price fluctuations should be applied to actual claims for construction cost increases.• Requirements for Recognizing Additional Costs: Establishing the existence of "actual input costs" and "implied agreement" to allow the Contractor to claim costs for additional work that may not have followed formal prior approval procedures by the Association.• Validity of Set-off and Liquidated Damages Claims: Assessing whether the Association’s claims of negligence against the Contractor (e.g., liquidated damages for delay) were specific and legally sound enough to be set off against the outstanding construction payments.3. Execution and Achievement• LKP’s Role and Arguments:o Conducted a precise analysis of the actual construction records and the evolution of design drawings to prove that the additional work was essential for the project's progress and that the Association was aware of these changes.o Demonstrated through expert appraisal and objective indicators that the cost increases due to price fluctuations were calculated legitimately in accordance with the contractual formulas.o Logically refuted the Association’s counterclaim regarding construction delays by highlighting force majeure factors and the procedural legitimacy of the timeline, thereby minimizing the Contractor's liability.• Result for the Client: The court accepted a significant portion of the Contractor's claims and ordered the Association to pay the unpaid construction costs along with delayed interest. (Plaintiff victory)• Significance of the Case:o This case is meaningful as it presented specific settlement standards that consider not only the literal interpretation of the contract but also the actual input process at the construction site—a common point of friction in large-scale redevelopment projects.o It secured the Contractor’s right to legitimate payment while providing a legal foundation for the Association to finalize the project by clarifying ambiguous debt relationships.

Cancellation of Project Plan Due to Infringement of Environmental Rights and Abuse of Discretion Regarding a Retained Building1. Fact Summary and Background• Client Situation: The client (Plaintiff) is the owner of "D" Cathedral, a religious facility located within the "B" Redevelopment District in Seoul, and is a member of the association.• Case Background: Initially, the cathedral was planned to be demolished and relocated. However, following the client's persistent requests, the redevelopment plan was changed to "retain" the cathedral at its current location.• Cause of Dispute: While the Defendant Association revised the project plan to keep the cathedral, they placed five apartment buildings (up to 19 stories high) in the immediate vicinity (approx. 10 meters away).• Major Damages: If executed, the cathedral would be completely surrounded by high-rise buildings, resulting in a near-total loss of sunlight (continuous sunlight duration reduced to 0 minutes) and severe privacy violations, with apartment windows overlooking the interior of the cathedral and the convent.2. Key Legal Issues• Abuse of Discretionary Power: Whether the Association, as an administrative body, properly weighed the public interest against the private interest (the client's environmental rights and freedom of religious activity) when establishing the plan.• Limits of Building Act Exceptions: Whether the "Special Construction Zone" designation, which waives certain sunlight height restrictions, can justify infringements that exceed the "socially acceptable limit" (limit of endurance).• Omission of Proportionality (Balancing of Interests): Whether the Association prioritized the convenience of other members while entirely neglecting the living interests and environmental rights of the cathedral's users.3. Execution and Achievement• LKP’s Role and Arguments:o Emphasized the cathedral's historical significance (established in 1957) and the stable environment enjoyed by resident priests, nuns, and approximately 3,700 parishioners.o Proved through expert appraisal that the sunlight infringement rate would reach 80–100% after the apartment construction, clearly exceeding the limit of endurance.o Pointed out procedural illegality, as the newly planned road would encroach upon essential cathedral facilities (mechanical rooms, emergency exit stairs) without prior consultation or consideration of alternatives.• Result for the Client: The Seoul High Court canceled the Defendant Association's Revised Project Plan.• Significance of the Case:o Clarified that for retained buildings in redevelopment zones, associations must go beyond a formal "retention" decision and ensure minimum environmental rights so the building can function for its original purpose.o Confirmed that individual environmental rights and living interests cannot be unconditionally sacrificed for vague reasons like "increased project costs" or "public interest of housing improvement"

Court Recognizes Independent Member Status and Allotment Rights for Buyer Despite Seller's Temporary Multi-Property Ownership1. Fact Summary and BackgroundThe clients (Plaintiffs) purchased real estate located within the "C" Urban Environment Maintenance Project District in Seoul and completed the registration of ownership transfer. However, a conflict arose because the seller (D) had purchased another property within the same district immediately after selling the first property to the clients.As a result, the seller (D) became a "multi-property owner" for a brief period of two days before the clients finalized their ownership registration. Based on the Act on the Improvement of Urban Areas and Residential Environments, the Defendant (the Reconstruction Association) applied the restriction that multiple owners shall be treated as a single member. Consequently, the Association established a Management Disposal Plan that granted only one joint allotment right to the clients and the seller collectively. The clients faced the risk of losing their individual right to an apartment unit due to circumstances beyond their control and sought legal assistance from LK Partners.2. Key Legal IssuesThe core issue of this case was the interpretation of Article 39, Paragraph 1, Item 3 of the Urban Improvement Act, which restricts membership status when multiple persons come to own properties previously owned by a single person after the authorization of the association's establishment.•The Association’s Argument: Following the literal text of the law, since the seller owned multiple properties after the association was established, the buyers must be treated as a single member together with the seller.•LK Partners’ Argument: The legislative intent of this provision is to prevent an artificial increase in the number of members that could undermine project feasibility. We argued that since the total number of eligible members had not increased compared to the time of the association’s establishment, it was unjust to infringe upon the clients' property rights based on the "accidental circumstance" of the seller's temporary additional purchase.3. Execution and AchievementThe court fully accepted LK Partners' legal reasoning and ruled in favor of the clients.•Court's Ruling: If the number of persons entitled to allotment has not changed from the time of the association’s establishment, the restriction on membership status under the Urban Improvement Act should not be applied.•Final Result: The court canceled the part of the Management Disposal Plan that designated the clients and the seller as joint beneficiaries for a single unit. This successfully restored the clients' status as sole beneficiaries entitled to independent allotment rights.•Significance of the Case: This case is a meaningful precedent that prevents bona fide buyers from being unfairly deprived of their rights through a rigid interpretation of membership restriction laws. It clarifies that the "number of members at the time of establishment" should be the substantial standard for determining allotment rights.

Preliminary Injunction Granted for Infringement of a Commercial Tenant’s Right of PossessionIn a case handled by LK Partners, the court granted a preliminary injunction ordering removal and prohibiting interference, recognizing that the landlord’s construction works infringed upon the commercial tenant’s right of possession and business operations. Case Overview The case involved a commercial tenant in a retail building located in Gangnam-gu, Seoul, who sought a preliminary injunction for removal and prohibition of interference after the landlord carried out construction without the tenant’s consent. The landlord installed scaffolding around the entire exterior of the building and placed construction materials at entrances, substantially obstructing access to the shop and interfering with the tenant’s business operations. Key Issues Whether the tenant’s right of possession and business operations were unlawfully interfered with Whether the landlord’s construction constituted routine maintenance or an unlawful act intended to pressure the tenant to vacate Whether the requirements for granting a preliminary injunction—namely, the existence of a right to be preserved and the necessity of preservation—were satisfied Court’s Decision The Seoul Central District Court granted the tenant’s application, issuing a preliminary injunction ordering removal of the obstructions and prohibiting further interference. When the landlord subsequently filed an objection, the court upheld its original decision, reaffirming the tenant’s rights and the necessity of preservation. The court held that even if the landlord later obtained approval for major repairs, the construction did not qualify as a permissible preservation act and could not justify infringement of the tenant’s possession. LK Partners’ Expertise To promptly and effectively protect the tenant’s rights, LK Partners provided comprehensive legal support, including: Fact-finding and evidence collection: Organizing proof of scaffolding installation, material placement, and interference with business operations Legal analysis and strategy: Demonstrating that the conduct went beyond mere maintenance and amounted to unlawful pressure to force eviction, thereby establishing the right to be preserved and the need for urgent relief Injunction application and advocacy: Seeking specific and effective remedies, including immediate removal, prohibition of possession interference, and restrictions on construction during business hours Response to objections: Defending the injunction against the landlord’s challenges and securing affirmation of the original ruling Through these efforts, LK Partners achieved tangible protection of the tenant’s possession and business operations. Significance of the Case This decision affirms that where a landlord pressures a tenant through scaffolding installation and prolonged business disruption, courts will prioritize protection of the tenant’s right of possession. It is particularly significant in that the court curtailed attempts to justify de facto eviction pressure under the guise of routine maintenance. For legal assistance with commercial lease disputes or infringements of possession, please contact LK Partners. We provide tailored solutions to safeguard tenants’ rights.

Primary Project Financing (PF) Advisory for the Ansan Seonggok-dong CAM Square Data CenterThe Ansan Seonggok-dong KAAM Square Data Center development project (80MW power capacity), for which LK Partners served as legal advisor, successfully secured its main Project Financing (PF) loan in December 2024. The total committed amount under the main PF reached KRW 834 billion. When combined with the KRW 250 billion in equity capital already paid in October 2024, the project secured a total of KRW 1.084 trillion in initial project funding. This achievement is regarded as particularly notable in the domestic data center development market, given both the scale and structural complexity of the project. Main PF Structure and SizeThe PF loan commitment totals KRW 834 billion, structured as follows: Tranche A (Senior): KRW 710 billion Tranche B (Mezzanine): KRW 70 billion Tranche C (Junior): KRW 54 billion Samsung Securities acted as the lead arranger, overseeing the overall financing. In particular, credit enhancement was provided through the issuance of approximately KRW 680 billion in ABSTB (Asset-Backed Short-Term Bonds), including loan receivable purchases, private bond underwriting, and liquidity support obligations. For the execution of this PF, a special purpose company (SPC), KAAM Square First SPC, was established. From December 2024 through June 2028, the SPC plans to issue ABSTB in a total of 21 tranches. Project Overview Location: 670-4, Seonggok-dong, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea Gross Floor Area: 76,459㎡ (approximately 23,128 pyeong) Building Structure: 5 basement levels to 7 above-ground floors Main Contractor: Hyundai Engineering & Construction With the successful completion of the main PF, the project is expected to proceed to groundbreaking, supported by a stable financial foundation for full-scale development. LK Partners’ Role LK Partners provided comprehensive and meticulous legal advisory services throughout the entire lifecycle of the project, from its initial stages through financial close, including: Establishment of the PF vehicle (PFV) and structuring of real estate transactions within the industrial complex Securing power supply capacity and negotiating usage agreements with end-users Advisory on bridge loans and land ownership acquisition Support for advanced structuring agency agreements, building permits, construction, design, and supervision contracts Legal advisory on the main PF loan agreements and trust arrangements In particular, LK Partners’ expertise played a critical role in structuring the project to address the complex stakeholder relationships and regulatory requirements unique to data center developments.